{"id":26604,"date":"2025-01-31T12:41:19","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T12:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/etecnic.es\/?p=26604"},"modified":"2025-03-03T08:44:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T08:44:42","slug":"article-dopinio-larbre-de-la-ciencia-i-larbre-de-la-vida-subsidis-i-innovacio-com-a-rutes-complementaries-cap-al-progres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/etecnic.es\/ca\/noticies\/article-dopinio-larbre-de-la-ciencia-i-larbre-de-la-vida-subsidis-i-innovacio-com-a-rutes-complementaries-cap-al-progres\/","title":{"rendered":"Article d’opini\u00f3: L’Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia i l’Arbre de la Vida: Subsidis i innovaci\u00f3 com a rutes complement\u00e0ries cap al progr\u00e9s."},"content":{"rendered":"

En l’emblem\u00e0tica obra L’Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia de P\u00edo Baroja, es contraposen dues visions de l’exist\u00e8ncia: l’Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia<\/strong>, que simbolitza el racionalisme i la cerca del coneixement a trav\u00e9s d’un cam\u00ed ardu, i l’Arbre de la Vida<\/strong>, que representa el vitalisme i el plaer immediat. Aquesta dualitat serveix com a poderosa met\u00e0fora per analitzar les pol\u00edtiques de subsidis i innovaci\u00f3 en el context europeu actual<\/strong>, especialment en l’\u00e0mbit de la mobilitat sostenible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>

Subsidis: l’Arbre de la Vida<\/h2><\/h5><\/div>

Els subsidis poden comparar-se a l’Arbre de la Vida, oferint solucions immediates i tangibles. Programes com el MOVES III<\/strong> a Espanya, aprovat el 2021 i cancel\u00b7lat al gener de 2025, han proporcionat incentius per a l’adquisici\u00f3 de vehicles el\u00e8ctrics i infraestructures de rec\u00e0rrega. No obstant aix\u00f2, aquest pla va ser criticat per prioritzar el desplegament de xarxes de rec\u00e0rrega massives, sovint gestionades per grans empreses, sense una avaluaci\u00f3 estrat\u00e8gica sobre si aquest model contribueix realment a la sostenibilitat.<\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s, el MOVES III no va aconseguir incentivar l’adopci\u00f3 de vehicles el\u00e8ctrics al nivell d’altres pa\u00efsos europeus. Mentre que a Fran\u00e7a i Portugal<\/strong> els vehicles el\u00e8ctrics aconsegueixen quotes de mercat del 21% i 16%<\/strong>, respectivament, a Espanya es van situar al voltant del 10%<\/strong>, lluny de la mitjana europea. Aquest desequilibri reflecteix la desconnexi\u00f3 entre els subsidis atorgats i els resultats obtinguts.<\/p>\n

A nivell de despesa en subvencions, les dades m\u00e9s recents de 2024 mostren que els pa\u00efsos que m\u00e9s inverteixen en ajudes dins de la Uni\u00f3 Europea s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fran\u00e7a<\/strong>: 50.038 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  2. Alemanya<\/strong>: 40.091 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  3. It\u00e0lia<\/strong>: 27.154 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  4. B\u00e8lgica<\/strong>: 16.890,1 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  5. Espanya<\/strong>: 13.123 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  6. Pa\u00efsos Baixos<\/strong>: 11.511 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  7. Rep\u00fablica Txeca<\/strong>: 5.568 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n
  8. Gr\u00e8cia<\/strong>: 4.313 milions d’euros.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00c9s rellevant destacar que Espanya gasta un 61,1% m\u00e9s que la mitjana de la Uni\u00f3 Europea<\/strong> en subvencions, ja que la mitjana de despesa a la UE \u00e9s de 8.146 milions d’euros per pa\u00eds<\/strong>, la qual cosa col\u00b7loca Espanya significativament per sobre d’aquesta xifra.<\/p>\n<\/div>

    <\/div>

    Innovaci\u00f3: l’Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia
    \n<\/b><\/h2><\/h5><\/div>

    D’altra banda, la innovaci\u00f3 s’assembla a l’Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia: un cam\u00ed complex que exigeix esfor\u00e7, const\u00e0ncia i una inversi\u00f3 sostinguda en recerca i desenvolupament<\/strong>. Aquest trajecte est\u00e0 ple de fracassos, per\u00f2 \u00e9s essencial per generar avan\u00e7os significatius i duradors. Xavier Marcet ho resumeix de manera contundent: “Innovar no \u00e9s dispersar-se en mil idees, \u00e9s tenir focus i persistir en aquelles que realment generen impacte<\/strong>.”<\/p>\n

    En termes d’inversi\u00f3 global en R+D, els pa\u00efsos que m\u00e9s gasten en recerca i desenvolupament s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Estats Units<\/strong>: 473,4 mil milions de d\u00f2lars (2,742% del PIB).<\/li>\n
    2. Xina<\/strong>: 409 mil milions de d\u00f2lars (2,1% del PIB).<\/li>\n
    3. Jap\u00f3<\/strong>: 179,8 mil milions de d\u00f2lars (3,584% del PIB).<\/li>\n
    4. Alemanya<\/strong>: 109,4 mil milions de d\u00f2lars (2,869% del PIB).<\/li>\n
    5. Corea del Sud<\/strong>: 91,6 mil milions de d\u00f2lars (4,292% del PIB).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      En termes de percentatge del PIB dedicat a R+D, Corea del Sud lidera amb un 4,292%, seguida d’Israel (4,109%), el Jap\u00f3 (3,584%), Su\u00e8cia (3,161%) i Finl\u00e0ndia (3,174%).<\/p>\n

      Malgrat l’increment en la inversi\u00f3 en R+D a Espanya<\/strong>, que va aconseguir els 22.379 milions d’euros el 2023 (1,49% del PIB), el pa\u00eds segueix per sota de la mitjana de la Uni\u00f3 Europea, situada al voltant del 2,2% del PIB.<\/p>\n

      La sostenibilitat es perfila com el gran motor de la innovaci\u00f3 en el segle XXI.<\/strong> Pascual Berrone sost\u00e9 que “no hi ha futur sense empreses que apostin per un model responsable i innovador”. \u00c0rees com la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial, la Internet de les Coses (IoT), la ciberseguretat i la mobilitat sostenible representen els pilars tecnol\u00f2gics sobre els quals ha de construir-se el progr\u00e9s. No obstant aix\u00f2, la innovaci\u00f3 no ocorre de manera a\u00efllada: dep\u00e8n d’un ecosistema s\u00f2lid que fomenti la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 entre empreses, centres de recerca i universitats. Xavier Ferr\u00e0s ho explica aix\u00ed: “La innovaci\u00f3 no \u00e9s una eina, \u00e9s una actitud: la de desafiar el que s’estableix, trencar barreres i buscar constantment millors solucions”<\/p>\n<\/div>

      <\/div>

      La s\u00edntesi necess\u00e0ria<\/h2><\/h5><\/div>

      Aunque a menudo se perciben como opuestos, los subsidios y la innovaci\u00f3n son enfoques complementarios<\/strong>. Los subsidios pueden ser el catalizador que impulse la innovaci\u00f3n, pero solo si est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para fomentar la excelencia, la competitividad tecnol\u00f3gica y la sostenibilidad. Europa debe evitar caer en pol\u00edticas de subvenci\u00f3n que persigan resultados inmediatos, pero carezcan de una visi\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica a largo plazo.<\/p>\n

      L’acceleraci\u00f3 dels cicles tecnol\u00f2gics subratlla la import\u00e0ncia d’adoptar aquesta combinaci\u00f3. Si en l’\u00faltima d\u00e8cada hem viscut revolucions com el Big Data i el Blockchain, i ara estem en ple apogeu de la Intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia Artificial, el seg\u00fcent gran salt tecnol\u00f2gic est\u00e0 molt a la vora. Sigui el que sigui, la clau ser\u00e0 combinar pol\u00edtiques de subsidis estrat\u00e8gics amb una aposta decidida per la recerca i el desenvolupament.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

      <\/div>

      Reflexi\u00f3 final<\/h3><\/h5><\/div>

      Igual que en l’obra de Baroja, on l’equilibri entre l’Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia i l’Arbre de la Vida \u00e9s essencial per a una exist\u00e8ncia plena, en les pol\u00edtiques p\u00fabliques, la combinaci\u00f3 de subsidis i innovaci\u00f3 \u00e9s la f\u00f3rmula guanyadora<\/strong>. Com va assenyalar el Nobel Harold Kroto, “sense educaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica, la humanitat no durar\u00e0 m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del segle XXI”. Si volem un futur sostenible, hem d’invertir en ci\u00e8ncia, innovaci\u00f3 i sostenibilitat.<\/strong> Aquestes han de ser les prioritats de les nostres pol\u00edtiques de subsidis, ja que representen la base d’un progr\u00e9s aut\u00e8ntic i durador.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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      Fonts: libremercado.com<\/a>, wipo.int<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":261,"featured_media":26302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[687,901,903,22,718],"tags":[332,323,1090,316,333,1053,1091],"class_list":["post-26604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viu-etecnic","category-vive-etecnic-ca","category-movilidad-electrica-ca","category-noticies","category-premsa","tag-etecnic-ca","tag-mobilitat-electrica-ca","tag-movesiii-ca","tag-movilidad-electrica-ca","tag-puntos-de-recarga-ca","tag-recarga-publica-ca","tag-subvenciones-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nArticle d'opini\u00f3: l'Arbre de la Ci\u00e8ncia i l'Arbre de la Vida: subsidis i innovaci\u00f3 com a rutes complement\u00e0ries cap al 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